Overflow content – Carbon Design System

Overflow content is text, such as a paragraph or a text string, that exceeds a desired space. It also applies to a series of components that surpass a given space. Overflow content is typically reduced to fit a space or reduce repetition. Truncation and ‘Show more’ buttons are two ways to indicate that overflow content is continued elsewhere or below the fold.

Truncation, or shortening, is typically used for static text or links that exceed the size of their container. Truncated items are represented by an ellipsis ... and should represent three or more truncated characters in a text string. There must be at least four characters of non-truncated content in a truncated string. Truncated items always include a browser tooltip on hover to show the entire string, name, or phrase that the ellipsis is representing. The only time a browser tooltip does not need to be used is at the end of a truncated paragraph.

Example of a browser tooltip being used for truncation.

Example of end-line truncation for a paragraph.

Usage

Good use cases for truncation include:

Breadcrumbs
Pagination
Long URL links
Paragraph of text (i.e. a description paragraph)
Shortening of a long item name (user- or platform-generated)

Truncation should not be used on page headers, titles, labels, error messages, validation messages, notifications, menu items, or tabs.

Variations

There are three types of truncation: front-line, mid-line, and end-line.

Type	Purpose	Default	Truncated
Front-line	Used at the beginning of a text string to indicate the text is continued from a previous location.	`123456789`	`...56789`
Mid-line	Used when several text strings have different beginnings and/or endings but the exact same middle characters. Can also be used to shorten a phrase or text string when the end of a string cannot be truncated by an ellipsis.	`123400005678` `987600004321`	`1234...5678` `9876...4321`
End-line	Used at the end of a character string or paragraph to indicate that there is more content in another location, to show that the pattern in a sequence continues, or to shorten a long text string.	`123456789`	`12345...`

Ellipses alone

An ellipsis on its own may also represent condensed content. This type of truncation requires an overflow menu on hover instead of a browser tooltip.

Example of a truncated Breadcrumb utilizing an ellipse with an Overflow Menu.

Example of a truncated breadcrumb utilizing an ellipsis with an overflow menu.

Code

To use front- and end-line truncation, enter the appropriate class below and add title to populate the browser tooltip that appears when truncated text is hovered. The width of the container (or the text element itself) also needs to be configured in order to calculate where the truncation will start.

Type	Class
Frontline	`.bx--text-truncate--front`
End-line	`.bx--text-truncate--end`

Example Usage

<div class="container">
  <span title="123456789" class="bx--front-line">123456789</span>
</div>

.container {
  width: 65px;
}

.bx--front-line {
  width: 100%;
  display: inline-block;
  direction: rtl;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
}

Result

Mid-line truncation

Mid-line truncation does not have its own class as it requires JavaScript. This example in CodePen shows how it is implemented.

‘Show more’ buttons

The ‘Show more’ button is used when there is a significant amount of overflow content. Implementing a ‘Show more’ button gives a user the ability to see the content in more digestible chunks, as opposed to all at once. A ‘Show more’ button is used in place of scrolling, gradients, or fades as they are more prominent and actionable. If needed, a ‘Show less’ can be used to again hide the content the user opened. ‘Show more’ can also be presented as ‘Load more’ in cases where performance is a concern. See the Loading section for additional details.

Example of a Code Snippet utilizing the 'Show more' Button.

Example of the 'Show more' button in context.

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Patterns: Notifications

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